![]() Milwaukee Holiday Lights Festivalģ separate parks in Milwaukee are transformed with thousands of lights. You can even take the Jingle Bus for a narrated tour. 26 – Dec 26, 2021, with the hours of Monday-Thursday, 6-9 p.m. and between Montana Avenue and Oklahoma Avenue from Nov. Claus spreading holiday cheer.ĭon’t forget to leave a donation for the MACC fund (which fights childhood cancer) at 95th and Manitoba! You can drive (with your lights on) or walkthrough for a chance to see Santa Claus and Mrs. You’ll enter to find a winter wonderland with candy cane-wrapped trees and over 300 houses full of festive holiday lights. This neighborhood display began in the 80s as a way to raise money for a neighborhood child with cancer. It has grown exponentially since then. Get a 4-pack of tickets for $35 Milwaukee Area Christmas Lights Candy Cane Lane Light Display Randall, starts the day after Thanksgiving and runs Fridays-Sundays from 5:30 pm – 9 pm until December 30th.| Tickets available for $10 each, kids 3 and under are free. Thousands of zoo lights will transform the zoo into a winter wonderland that’s not to be missed. Henry Vilas ZooĮnjoy a warm beverage (extra cost for hot cider or hot cocoa) as you take a stroll down candy cane lane and enjoy the festive sights and sounds. ![]() With over 50 light displays, The holiday fantasy in lights is a nice drive-through event where you listen to holiday tunes on your car radio and you get free candy canes at the end of it! Olin Park, 1156 Olin-Turville Court, Madison from 4:30-10 PM daily, from Thanksgiving to New Year’s Day.
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The example "Design elements - UML timing diagrams" is included in the Rapid UML solution from the Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. Typically this graphical association is a small line, e.g., between an occurrence specification and a time interval." Timing diagrams depict the behavior of individual classifiers as well as classifier relationships. Conditions shifting within and among lifelines along a linear time axis are the focus of timing diagrams. Time constraint is shown as graphical association between a time interval and the construct that it constrains. Timing diagrams are UML interaction diagrams that are used to depict interactions where the diagrams primary goal is to reason about time. All traces where the constraints are violated are negative traces, i.e., if they occur, the system is considered as failed. The semantics of a time constraint is inherited from constraints. The time interval is time expression used to determine whether the constraint is satisfied. Time constraint is an interval constraint that refers to a time interval. If constraints are violated, traces become negative which means that system is considered as failed.ĭuration constraint is shown as some graphical association between a duration interval and the constructs that it constrains. The semantics of a duration constraint is inherited from constraints. The duration interval is duration used to determine whether the constraint is satisfied. The destruction event is depicted by a cross in the form of an X at the end of a timeline.ĭuration constraint is an interval constraint that refers to a duration interval. Until UML 2.4 it was called destruction event, and earlier - stop. No other occurrence may appear after the destruction event on a given lifeline.Ĭomplete UML name of the occurrence is destruction occurrence specification. It may result in the subsequent destruction of other objects that this object owns by composition. It could be used in scenarios where entities undergo continuous state changes, such as temperature or density.ĭestruction occurrence is a message occurrence which represents the destruction of the instance described by the lifeline. ![]() UML also allows the state/ condition dimension be continuous. Timing diagram could show states of the participating classifier or attribute, or some testable conditions, such as a discrete or enumerable value of an attribute. It could be placed inside diagram frame or a "swimlane". ![]() Lifeline on the timing diagrams is represented by the name of classifier or the instance it represents. lifelines represent only one interacting entity. Lifeline is a named element which represents an individual participant in the interaction. "The following nodes and edges are typically drawn in a UML timing diagram: lifeline, state or condition timeline, destruction event, duration constraint, time constraint. The vector stencils library "UML timing diagrams" contains 15 symbols for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software. This example of UML timing diagram symbols for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the ATM UML Diagrams solution from the Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. There are two basic flavors of timing diagram: the concise notation, and the robust notation." The differences between timing diagram and sequence diagram are the axes are reversed so that the time is increased from left to right and the lifelines are shown in separate compartments arranged vertically. A timing diagram is a special form of a sequence diagram. Timing diagrams are used to explore the behaviors of objects throughout a given period of time. "A timing diagram in the Unified Modeling Language 2.0 is a specific type of interaction diagram, where the focus is on timing constraints. Use it for object-oriented modeling of your bank information system. Behavior diagrams: show how the components in the system react to each other, they capture how the system changes, and in some diagrams, how it changes over time.The vector stencils library "Bank UML timing diagram" contains 8 shapes for drawing UML timing diagrams.Structure diagrams: show the static relationships between the components in the system.There are two main categories and 14 different types of UML diagrams, each of which is used in a different situation. audit your processes and apply for accreditationsĪnd of course, when you want to develop something new – you will find many problems beforehand in your UML diagrams that could become showstoppers during development or quality testing. ![]() Since then, there have been a few updates to add extra UML diagram types and to support new technologies in programming.ĭiagrams are easier and faster to understand than text, so they are more appropriate to document systems than comments in millions of lines of code, although these are also important! They help you and your companies in many situations, like when you … It’s one of the most popular forms of diagramming in software development and became an ISO standard in 1997. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a diagramming notation (language) that lets you visualize systems and software. ![]() So, to convert directly from bar to pounds per square inch, you multiply by 14.503774. Or, you can find the single factor you need by dividing the A factor by the B factor.įor example, to convert from bar to pounds per square inch you would multiply by 100000 then divide by 6894.757. To convert among any units in the left column, say from A to B, you can multiply by the factor for A to convert A into Pascals then divide by the factor for B to convert out of Pascals. To convert from Pa into units in the left columnĭivide by the value in the right column or, multiply by the reciprocal, 1/x.ĥ00000 Pa / 100000 = 5 bar 1 MPa 145.03773773 psi Example: convert 15 psi to MPa: 15 psi 15 × 0.0068947573 MPa 0. Multiply by the conversion value in the right column in the table below.ĥ bar * 100000 = 500000 Pa To simply convert from any unit into pascals, for example, from 5 bar, just Where S is our starting value, C is our conversion factor, and How to Convert Units of PressureĬonversions are performed by using a conversion factor. By knowing the conversion factor, converting between units can become a simple multiplication problem: The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, the eminent French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. ![]() Some are obvious, such as pounds per square inch, but even the SI standard Pascal is actually an expression of one Newton per square meter. The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.It is equivalent to one newton per square metre. 1 psi 0.068046 atm psi to atm 1 psi 0. Since pressure is derived from force and area, many units for pressure directly relate force to area. 1 pascal 0.000001 MPa pascal to MPa 1 pascal 0.000145 psi pascal to psi 1 pascal 0.0075 torr (mmHg) pascal to torr Psi (Pound Force Per Square Inch) Conversion: Psi is a pressure unit and equals to the force of one pound applied to one square inch. Where P is equal to pressure, F is the normal force and A is area. Question: What is the PSI value of one Megapascal? Answer: 1 Megapascal to PSI = 145.Pressure is a scalar quality reflecting how force acts on a surface. Question: How do you convert PSI to Mpa? Answer: If we multiply the PSI value by 0.0068947448, we will get the Mpa Amount i.e. Question: How many Mpa is one PSI? Answer: One PSI equals 0.0068947448 Mpa i.e. The Mpa unit is 145.038 times bigger than the PSI Unit. Select the target pressure unit you wish to convert to. Select the initial pressure unit you wish to convert from. By default, the converter is set to round the results to four decimal places. In the USA the PSI pressure unit is the primary unit of measure for pressure and almost all pressure instruments are specified and display in pounds per square inch. Select the desired accuracy level from the provided drop-down list. Question: Are Mpa and PSI the same? Answer: No. Pounds or pound force per square inch (psi, lb/in, pfsi or lbf/in) is a widely used British and American unit of measure for pressure. Question: How much PSI is the Mpa? Answer: 1 Megapascal equals 145.038 PSIs i.e. Question: How do you convert the Mpa to PSI? Answer: If we multiply the Mpa value by 145.038, we will get the PSI Amount i.e. 1 Mpa to psi 145.03774 psi 2 Mpa to psi 290.07548 psi 3 Mpa to psi 435.11321 psi 4 Mpa to psi 580.15095 psi 5 Mpa to psi 725.18869 psi 6 Mpa to psi 870. Question: What is the difference between MPa and PSI?Īnswer: 1 MPa is equal to 145.038 in PSI. That means that MPa is more than a 145-times bigger unit of pressure than psi. To calculate MPa from PSI, you only need to divide the PSI pressure value by 145.038.Īnswer: As one MPa (MegaPascal) equals 1,000,000 Pascals, therefore, 5 MPa means 5,000,000 Pascals of pressure. How many Megapascal are there in 1 Pound per Square Inch ?Ġ.006894744825494008 (or divide by 145.038)Īnswer: 1 MPa (Mega Pascal) is equal to 145.038 in PSI (Pounds per Square Inch).How many Pound per Square Inch are there in 1 Megapascal ?.Pound per Square Inch multiplied by 145.038. Pound per Square Inch measurement, multiply the You have (10 Megapascal) by the conversionįactor: 10 Megapascal times Pound per Square Inch per Have you ever needed to or wanted to convertįirst, you need to know how many Pound per Square Inch It is primarily used for higher range pressure. Megapascal : The megapascal (symbol:MPa) is a non-SI unit for pressure, and is a x1000000 multiple of the Pascal unit. To perform the conversion from MPa to psi, follow these two simple steps: 1.03421 Megapascal (MPa) Psi : Psi is the abbreviation of pound per square inch, and is widely used in British and American. On this page, we provide a handy tool for converting between MPa and psi. MPa (Megapascal) and psi (Pound per Square Inch) are both units of Pressure. ![]() Silent Hill 2 is getting a remake and it’s a PS5 console exclusive Myst sequel Riven is getting a full remake from developer Cyan Worlds Super Mario RPG is getting a full Switch remake, and it’s coming this year His new studio then ended up buying the Lollipop Chainsaw IP from Kadokawa Games shortly after and Yasuda himself teased that the game was going to make some sort of return. Yasuda was previously the CEO of Kadokawa Games, which published the original Lollipop Chainsaw, but he left in May to start Dragami Games. It’s not even backward-compatible on Xbox One or Xbox Series X/S and isn’t included in the new PlayStation Plus list of streamable PS3 games. The game never released on the PC platform and was not ported to other consoles like the PS4 or Xbox One. ![]() The original Lollipop Chainsaw launched in June 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Yasuda says, “Unfortunately, various factors resulted in things making it so that fans can no longer play Lollipop Chainsaw, and it has been some time since players have not been able to access the game on current consoles.” One of the reasons why Yasuda wants to do a remake is because the original game isn’t accessible to newer players. Please check Producer message about Lollipop Chainsaw Remake. Lollipop Chainasaw Remake の発表に関する Producer message をお届けします…!!! ![]() The Witcher is getting a full remake built in Unreal Engine 5Ĭan’t wait for the Resident Evil 4 remake? Watch Chainsaw Man Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater is getting a full remake on PS5, Xbox, and PC Recorded video for release of versions 1. the 3 positions of the pinky-switch I have mapped up for NVS-OFF, -NORM and -FIXED for the DCS AH64, where the NVS-OFF (aft) and NVS-FIXED (forward) are mapped via the physical Thrustmaster throttle, and the NVS-NORM function (center) is mapped via the virtual device. The enclosed PDF explains how to setup your vJoy device and how to map both the physical- and virtual-device in DCS, so you can fully utilize your 2- and 3-way buttons on your Thrustmaster Throttle. However first you must download/install/configure vJoy to have one device with at least 21 buttons (I created mine for 128 buttons). Simply copy the zipped files into a folder of your choice and run the exe. Once you have created/setup your vJoy device, you simply need to start Joy2VJoy, prior to starting your simulator (DCS). ![]() I had some plans to expand on the functionality of this software (to allow it to be used with other joystick/throttles and add scripting) but I never got around to do so. The vJoy driver lets you create up to 16 virtual joysticks, each with multiple axis and up to 128 buttons (this program uses 21 buttons on the first vJoy device you create). Its hard-coded to ONLY work with the Thrustmaster Throttle (so no configuration is needed) and the 1st virtual joystick created using a driver called vJoy (not included, but required). So to address this issue I wrote a small program 3 years ago called Joy2vJov, however I made a small change to the program recently (so you no longer needs to cycle all buttons on the throttle at startup). Once vJoy is installed/configured simply copy the zipped files into a folder of your choice and run the exe (PDF manual included). This program Is hard-coded to ONLY work with the Thrustmaster Throttle (so no configuration is needed) and the 1st virtual joystick created using a driver called vJoy (not included, but required). When it comes to the 2- or 3-way buttons on a Thrustmaster Warthog throttle this could be something you wanted to do (so each "position" of a 2/3-way button could be bound to different actions in the game). However they normally don't let you map up an actions to when you release a button on a joystick/throttle. I stored it on my autohotkey.Most games (DCS included) lets you map up actions in the game to be performed when you press a button on your joystick/throttle. The authors Website seems to be down, but PPJoy can still be found on variouse download-sites, e.g. Modular control board for professional camera and video management. Keyboard & Mouse to Joystick translation andĪ DLL to directly control the virtual Joystick. PPJoy seems to be a good way to simulate Joystick-Input. * You want to emulate joystick input from another application. * PPJoy is free for non-commercial use and you may already have a perfectly good controller supported by PPJoy. Curve It - Easily create joystick and 3Dconnexion controller axis response curves, trim and dead-zones then switch between different curves by any trigger. So here is why you may want to use PPJoy: Driver Delight - ControlMyJoystick uses our own Tetherscript Virtual Keyboard, Joystick and Mouse drivers, which are legit, digitally signed and secure. ![]() There are lots of USB joysticks out there that are a lot less hassle to install and configure. Windows will treat these devices just like any other joystick and they can be used in any game or application that accepts joystick input. Gremlin has support to merge two axes into a single one but the behaviour that results from. ![]() * Joystick emulation using the keyboard or mouse The only real consistent way to map multiple axes into one (if they have some noise) is via a plugin that knows what you intend to do and thus looks for a big enough change, uses heuristics to figure out which of the devices youre actively using, etc. PPJoy was designed for joysticks connected to the parallel port but it also supports other devices via the virtual joystick interface There is also limited support for Windows 98 and Windows Me. PPJoy is a joystick device driver for Windows 2000 and later. ![]() Grant’s first vice president, but his second one as well. Swept up in the Crédit Mobilier scandal was not just Ulysses S. To avert any investigation and ensure votes to benefit the company, railroad officials bribed approximately one dozen influential congressmen with Crédit Mobilier shares at below-market prices. In the most notorious instance of corruption connected to the railroads, Union Pacific Railroad executives formed a sham construction company, Crédit Mobilier, that submitted bills for nearly double the construction cost of the eastern portion of the Transcontinental Railroad and pocketed the overcharges. The Central Pacific Railroad, for example, spent $500,000 annually in thinly disguised bribes between 18. “Railroads need monopoly franchises and subsidies, and to get them, they are more than willing to bribe public officials,” White says. The federal government helped finance these huge infrastructure projects by granting more than 150 million acres of land to railroad companies, which sold them to raise revenue. Railroads propelled the expansion of the American economy as tracks expanded nearly fourfold between 18. Railroads Were at the Forefront of Political Corruption “It is a government by the corporations, of the corporations and for the corporations.” Politicians took spectacularly handsome bribes from corporations and demanded kickbacks as the helping hand they extended often came with an open palm.Įditorial cartoon on railroad influence depicting a man with a steam train head making business deals in Congress, by Thomas Nast, 1880s. “This is a government of the people, by the people and for the people no longer,” former president Rutherford B. Richard White, professor emeritus of history at Stanford University and author of The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, says the Gilded Age was among the most corrupt eras in American history primarily because of “the rise of corporations and the growth of modern means of communication that intensified the way corruption can work.” By 1890, the country’s 4,000 millionaires held 20 percent of the country’s wealth, and with that enormous affluence came colossal political corruption.Ĭorporate titans could buy anything they wanted-including politicians. Murloc Mondays (New Players Q&A) Reset Recruitment Midweek Mending Tanking Thursday Firepower Friday (DPS) Saturday Achievement and Loot Thread Skirmish Sundays (PvP) Blizzard Subredditsĭiablo - Starcraft - Hearthstone - Heroes of the Storm - Overwatch - WC3 - Classic WoW - Mystery -įrequently Asked Questions about Dragonflightįrequently Asked Questions.As the United States grew into the world’s leading industrial power during the late 19th century, those atop the economic ladder in America’s Gilded Age accumulated spectacular fortunes. ![]() Undermine Exchange - useful resource for goldmakers./r/classicwowtbc - World of Warcraft: Burning Crusade./r/classicwow - World of Warcraft: Classic./r/transmogrification - show us your style./r/woweconomy - goldmaking discussion & theory./r/wownoob - if you are a noob or want to help a noob.WoW Related Discords Dragonflight Patch 10.1.5 is Live! If you would like to be a future featured creator, please fill out this form. More information about our current & past featured creators can be found here. Welcome to /r/wow, a subreddit about the video game World of Warcraft ! Featured Creators ![]() Glenda was assigned as his public defender. The goat is still on death row, going through the appeals process. In retaliation, the tin man smuggled a goat into the scarecrow's bedroom one night, and the next morning, all that was discovered of the scarecrow was his hat. He recruited the witch's former bodyguards and the monkeys and led them in a failed coup against the tin man. ![]() The scarecrow was a closet homophobe and busted a cap in the lion's a** during a rave three weeks later. Sadly, it didn't improve when the Triad took over the Emerald City. Instead, he ended up in an ashram in California and eventually died of syphillis. He couldn't wear the shoes himself, so he was going to pimp Dorothy. The wizard was obviously losing, and with Dorothy's unwitting help and the red shoes he planned to take over all of Oz. The whole thing was nothing but a turf war. No doubt he was forced to make his own gat. The scarecrow's gun looks like a zip gun of some sort. Why do you think the crew passed out in one of her fields? The witch and her flying monkeys had the monopoly on the opium trade. I have it on good authority that the Munchkins controlled the Oz black market trade in guns, hair gel, and Ecstasy. You ever noticed that the guy who plays the wizard also plays about four roles? Apparently the wizard was doing cloning research. Well if he didn't know how to work it in the first place how could he promise to get her home and why did he get so insulted when she called his bluff.Ĭould be because he was a con artist from the beginning, don't ya think?īingo. So obviously he's not the smartest in the group, and also the fact that he is holding a firearm and is made out of flammable straw, really does make a rational person wonder why the heck would anyone give The scarecrow a gun? I must admit that the previous hypothesis put forth by Mr Holbrook does manage to suggest several problems with the Scarecrow packing a little heat. More to the point, why would editors let such an obvious blooper such as this make it into the final cut? I'm quite convinced the reason the scarecrow does have a gun is as simple as a cut scene from the final edit, but I found no evidence to prove it. Some valid, as to why a "Children's' Film" would have a gun in it, or why they'd just randomly choose a gun. This of course asks, more questions then it answers. They are heading into the scary forest and in a number of shots Scarecrow is clearly carrying a gun - a rod, a pistol, a heater, death in a tube, a rapid bullet delivery system. Check out the scene immediately after Dorothy and company leave the wizard to go after the witch. You're thinking, "Huh? What are you talking about? The Scarecrow didn't have a gun?" Oh contraire. Scarecrow_wizard_of_oz_gun.gif (54.6 KiB) Viewed 8241 times ![]() The convenience of a dry shave, with a visually clean smooth leg, no nicks, cuts, or irritation, is for most women a desirable alternative to the inconvenience of the wet shave. Additionally, results typically improve with continued use. Again, this is typically invisible to the naked eye, but hair shaft may be felt. There is, however, a very slight difference in touch as a dry shave will leave a very teeny hair shaft left behind. Legs will appear as clean shaved as with a wet razor. The results to the naked eye are the same. With Flawless® Nu Razor™ you can shave without the shower, or “dry shave” anywhere anytime. Where can I order Flawless® Legs™ replacement heads?įlawless® Legs™ replacement head are available online at The 4-heads are built into a single replacement head.Īre “dry shave” results the same as a “wet” shave? People with very long legs and a lot of hair will probably want to replace the head sooner than someone with shorter legs and lighter hair.įor average coverage area and hair density, replace the head every 3-4 months. How often should I replace my Flawless® Legs™ head?Įveryone is different. Use the unit's cleaning brush to dislodge and remove any clippings stuck in the heads. FLAWLESS Nu Razor has an 18-karat gold plated head. With our bi-directional pivoting head, its perfect for your most sensitive areas, underarms, ankles and knees. To remove hair clippings from the lower head, simply turn it over and gently shake it out over a trash can. FLAWLESS Nu Razor is the new revolutionary solution for instant, painless, hair removal. To clean your Flawless® Legs® unit, hold the main body of the shaver in one hand, and with the other hand, grip the tabs on the lower head and pull it away from the upper head. While the unit is water resistant, it is NOT water-proof. NOTE: Do NOT use Flawless® Legs™ in the shower or submerge it in water to clean. Unit will work for approximately 1-hour on a full charge. How long does Flawless® Legs™ hold a charge? The revolutionary Butterfly Technology erases hair instantly and painlessly by microscopically paring it down to the surface of the skin. Browse our unbeatable deals on health, beauty, personal care, hair care, sports nutrition and fitness, food, household, electrical and all your essential. Is hair eliminated through a light feature, laser, or heat?įlawless® Legs™ does not use a laser or hot wire it's safe on all skin types and tones. Neatly and discretely housed under the 18 karat gold-plated head, the Butterfly Technology ensures precision hair removal without nicks, cuts, or irritation. Get a convenient smooth shave with Skull Shavers revolutionary electric mens head shavers, electric womens leg and body shavers, and electric hair clippers. ![]() The secret to Flawless® Legs instant and painless hair removal is the revolutionary Butterfly Technology that erases hair by microscopically paring it down through the spinning head. Does Flawless® Legs™ pull hair out by the root?įlawless® Legs™ is not an epilator - there is NO pulling hair out by the root (ouch!). Kale is one of the few "superfoods" that actually earns that moniker. Replacing that lack of magnesium has been shown in numerous studies to greatly reduce high blood pressure.31-36 Approximately 68 percent of U.S. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 bodily process.29 A lack of magnesium in the diet is strongly associated with blood pressure complications. What makes them so influential is their rich magnesium content. Almonds and cashews really stand out, particularly when it comes to metabolic problems such as high blood pressure. ![]() Tree nuts-not to be confused with peanuts, which come from the ground-are linked with many metabolic health benefits. However, if you have access to fish, 2-3 servings per week should provide heart-healthy benefits. It also helps to limit other seed/vegetable oils, which tend to be high in omega-6 fats.įish oil supplements are an effective and more affordable alternative to eating oily fish. The best way to do this is by consuming more omega-3 fats such as oily fish, olive oil, walnuts, and flaxseed. However, due to the heavy use of vegetable oils today, the average Western diet has a ratio of 16:1.26,27 In other words, for every 16 grams of omega-6 fats consumed, we consume only 1 gram of omega-3. Our ancestors were thought to have a ratio of between 1:1 and 4:1 (omega-6:omega-3). A 1:1 ratio is linked with much healthier and stronger blood vessels.25 Essentially, having more omega-3 fats in your diet (compared to omega-6 fats) is better for your heart health. The mechanism of effect is not clear, but most experts believe it has to do with the omega-6: omega-3 ratio. What most don't realize is that vegetables are the largest source of nitrates in the human diet.7 It gives signals to the cells in your arteries, telling them to soften and relax.5,6 This action greatly improves vasodilation, which reduces blood pressure.7-9įor this reason, nitrate-rich foods that are not exposed to very high heat are beneficial because they can become nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO), on the other hand, acts as a signaling molecule, one that is typically beneficial to health. Most of these increase your risk for cancer.4 Think frying nitrites in preservative-loaded bacon, or the nitrites in cigarettes. Nitrosamines are produced when nitrites are exposed to extremely high temperatures. ![]() They are commonly added to foods as preservatives, but they are also naturally produced by your body for saliva.2,3 Nitrates and nitrites can be converted into two different compounds: nitrosamines (very bad) or nitric oxide (very good). Many believe nitrates and nitrites are unnatural, although that's not actually the case. The influence they have can be quite confusing, but it's definitely worth understanding if you've got blood-pressure problems. Nitrates and nitrites are compounds that play a big part in our metabolic system. Rather than cutting things out, science shows that you can really benefit from adding these into your diet. Fortunately, many foods can lower blood pressure naturally. Normalizing blood pressure is one of the most important things-if not the most important thing-you can do to improve your health and increase your life span. ![]() Fine bakery ware, with the exception of traditional and/or seasonal bakery ware containing a reference to cinnamon in the labelling: 15 mg/kg.Breakfast cereals including muesli: 20 mg/kg.Traditional and/or seasonal bakery ware containing a reference to cinnamon in the labelling: 50 mg/kg. ![]() Sticking to the following maximum threshold levels should, in the European view, typically avoid any dangers to human health: Instead of banning coumarin altogether, the relevant food stuff legislation of the European Union (substantiated by scientific considerations) has established certain maximum levels for its use in food stuffs. In Europe, however, the risk assessment is different. So, the Tonka bean remains banned in the US. And contrary to some popular belief, coumarin is not a blood-thinning anti-coagulant (i e should not be confused with Coumad in, a trade mark for warfarin, of rat-poison fame) So-called Ceylon cinnamon, on the other hand, contains very low levels of coumarin). However, coumarin is not uniquely found in Tonka beans – in fact, it can be found in quite a number of other rather ordinary household ingredients, such as in Cassia Cinnamon (probably the most commonly found type of ‘household-cinnamon’. This is also the reason why coumarin has been banned in foodstuffs in the USA since 1954. And coumarin is moderatly toxic to the liver and the kidneys (and even more so for certain animals). Tonka beans contain relatively high concentrations of an organic chemical substance called coumarin, which also accounts for much of the beans’ particular flavour(s). Too dangerous to eat? or Just how dangerous is the Tonka bean? Or walk around with a few beans in your pocket, which apparently is supposed to bring good luck -) The Tonka bean has also non-culinary uses – apart from being a positive factor in local folk medicine (credited with helping against depression and a number of similarly ailments), some even claim that it has magical qualities: if you are superstitious, you could try some of the methods whereby the bean supposedly can make your wishes come true. The scent has been used to flavour perfumes, tobacco, soaps … and desserts! No wonder that it has been used both as a replacement for the more expensive vanilla, but also as a fashionable spice in its own right. The Tonka bean aroma is a strange and alluring blend, roughly reminiscent of something akin to a warm, sweet combination of marzipan-like almond with notes of vanilla, cinnamon and cloves. Top world producers today are Venezuela and Nigeria. ![]() The tree is not only a source of hardwood (‘Brazilian teak’), but is also sought after because of its seed – the highly aromatic Tonka bean. Native to the rainforests of South-America, the Cumaru tree ( Dipteryx odorata ) can grow up to 30 metres in height. “Tonka” is the name of the tree in the Amerindian language Carib and in the native Brazilian language Tupi. Detail of a Cumaru tree, with the pods that contain the ‘beans’ clearly visible. |
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